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Generally speaking, it is an infringement of copyright (for which the law provides penalties) for any person other than the copyright owner to exercise these rights, unless the owner has authorized the activity or the use made of the material constitutes fair use.
Therefore, whenever copyrighted materials are to be reproduced for use in the teaching process (whether in the form of syllabi, classroom handouts, or reference materials used only by the instructor), it must be determined either that the permission of the copyright owner will be obtained or that the planned use of the material fits the fair use concept.
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